在雅思口語(yǔ)考試許多高頻的話題中, 假設(shè)條件的時(shí)候難免會(huì)用到條件句或部分動(dòng)詞來(lái)假設(shè)一些無(wú)法實(shí)現(xiàn)的主觀愿望, 英語(yǔ)中將這種假設(shè)稱為虛擬語(yǔ)氣 （Subjunctive mood）. 從許多SpeakingSaver會(huì)員的練習(xí)實(shí)例中, 我們發(fā)現(xiàn)虛擬語(yǔ)氣出錯(cuò)的機(jī)率較高, 大家尤其區(qū)分不清條件從句的時(shí)態(tài), 以及其表示的語(yǔ)氣(mood). 特此針對(duì)雅思口語(yǔ)中經(jīng)常出現(xiàn)的虛擬語(yǔ)氣做個(gè)小結(jié)。
一 if引導(dǎo)的條件句
虛擬語(yǔ)氣的用法:表示說(shuō)的話不是事實(shí) , 或是不可能發(fā)生的情況, 而是說(shuō)話者的主觀愿望, 建議或是與事實(shí)相反的假設(shè).
e.g. If I were you, I would go there.(我不可能成為你)
If虛擬語(yǔ)氣用法如下:
|
假設(shè)時(shí)間 |
If條件從句時(shí)態(tài) |
主句時(shí)態(tài) |
Example |
|
表示現(xiàn)在的假設(shè)與事實(shí)相反 |
If + 一般過(guò)去時(shí)
(be動(dòng)詞只用were) |
Would (should, could, might) do |
If we had time, We would go with you.(事實(shí)上沒(méi)時(shí)間)
We could ask him if he were here.(事實(shí)上他不在這) |
|
表示過(guò)去的假設(shè)與事實(shí)相反 |
If + 過(guò)去完成時(shí) |
would(might) have done |
If you had come earlier, you would (might) have met him. (事實(shí)上沒(méi)有早到)
I would have called you if I had your phone number.(沒(méi)有號(hào)碼) |
|
表示將來(lái)的假設(shè)與事實(shí)相反 |
一般過(guò)去時(shí)
If + should do
were to do |
would do |
If it should rain, the crops would be saved.(沒(méi)有下雨)
If it were to snow tomorrow, they would not go out.(不可能下雪) |
有時(shí)假設(shè)的情況并不是以條件從句表現(xiàn)出來(lái), 而是通過(guò)一個(gè)介詞短語(yǔ)來(lái)表示,常見(jiàn)的有without (= but for), but that, or (else), in case of, otherwise
e.g. Without/ but for his help, we shouldn’t go out.
e.g. You’d better hurry up, or you would be late.
二 口語(yǔ)中常遇到的一些動(dòng)詞,動(dòng)詞短語(yǔ)及句式結(jié)構(gòu)需使用虛擬語(yǔ)氣
1. wish后的賓語(yǔ)從句
一般過(guò)去時(shí)(be 用were) : 表示現(xiàn)在的愿望與事實(shí)相反
wish+would/could do : 表示過(guò)去的愿望與事實(shí)相反
wished + 過(guò)去完成時(shí) : 表示過(guò)去的愿望與事實(shí)相反
e.g. I wish I were as tall as you. (現(xiàn)在)
e.g. I wish I would try. (將來(lái))
e.g. He wished he hadn’t said that. (過(guò)去)
2. it’s time that結(jié)構(gòu)中需用到虛擬, 從句時(shí)態(tài)通常用should to 或 did something.
e.g. It’s time we went to bed / should go to bed.
e.g. It’s time we went home.
3. expect, believe, think, suggest, I am sorry/ surprised/ disappointed that構(gòu)成的否定形式的賓語(yǔ)從句,通常需用到虛擬, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式為should do, 意思是 “竟會(huì)”.
e.g. I never expected that the problem should be so complicated.
e.g. They just couldn’t believe that the new station should be so big.
e.g. We never thought that she should be the brave girl we have heard so much above.
e.g. I’m sorry that he should be in such poor health.
e.g. We were surprised that he should be so lazy.
4. would rather/sooner構(gòu)成的賓語(yǔ)從句中需用虛擬語(yǔ)氣, 謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞形式是 did something (be動(dòng)詞用were)
e.g. I would rather they came tomorrow.
e.g. I would rather he posted the letter right away
三 口語(yǔ)中,為了使語(yǔ)氣顯得比較客氣委婉, 虛擬語(yǔ)氣主要體現(xiàn)在謂語(yǔ)動(dòng)詞上, 多用should/ would/could/might do.
e.g. It would be a shame to stop the work halfway.
e.g. Such mistakes could have been avoided.
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